What is Tarantula Keeping?
Tarantula keeping, or arachnoculture, is the practice of keeping tarantulas as pets. These fascinating creatures, belonging to the Theraphosidae family, have become increasingly popular among exotic pet enthusiasts in Australia and worldwide. Tarantulas are relatively low-maintenance pets compared to many other animals, making them appealing to both novice and experienced pet keepers. Their unique appearance, diverse behaviours, and manageable care requirements contribute to their allure. However, successful tarantula keeping in Australia requires knowledge of their specific needs, including suitable habitats, feeding habits, and handling practices. This guide will provide a comprehensive overview to help you start your journey into Australia tarantula keeping.
Australia Tarantula Keeping Basics
Before getting started with tarantula keeping in Australia, understanding the basics is essential. Tarantulas thrive in environments that mimic their natural habitats. This involves creating an enclosure with appropriate temperature, humidity, and substrate. Regular feeding, ensuring access to fresh water, and providing suitable hiding places are critical aspects of their care. It’s also important to research the specific species you intend to keep, as different tarantulas have varying needs. Learning about their natural behaviors, such as burrowing, web-spinning, and hunting, will enhance your understanding of their needs and allow you to create a more enriching environment for your pet. Understanding these basic requirements will set you on the path to successful tarantula keeping.
Choosing the Right Tarantula
Choosing the right tarantula is the first and arguably the most important step in Australia tarantula keeping. Several factors should be considered, including your experience level, the availability of the species, and your personal preferences. Some tarantulas are known for their docile temperament and are better suited for beginners. These include species like the Chilean Rose Hair Tarantula (Grammostola rosea) or the Pinktoe Tarantula (Avicularia avicularia). More experienced keepers might opt for species with more demanding care requirements or those with a more defensive nature. Researching the temperament, size, and venom potency of different species is essential. Be sure to check the legality of keeping certain tarantulas in your state or territory as well, as some species might be restricted or require permits. Selecting a tarantula that matches your lifestyle and experience level is key to a positive keeping experience.
Selecting the Right Enclosure
The enclosure is the tarantula’s home, and selecting the right one is critical for its well-being. The size of the enclosure should be appropriate for the tarantula’s size, with sufficient space for movement and burrowing or web-spinning, depending on the species. A secure lid is a must, as tarantulas are adept escape artists. The enclosure should be made of a material that allows for good ventilation and easy cleaning. Glass or acrylic tanks are common choices, but ensure proper ventilation to prevent the buildup of moisture and mold. The chosen enclosure should be free from any sharp edges or objects that could potentially injure the tarantula. Proper enclosure selection ensures your tarantula is safe and comfortable.
Enclosure Size
The size of the enclosure will depend on the species and size of your tarantula. As a general rule, the enclosure should be at least twice the tarantula’s leg span in width and length, and the height should be sufficient to allow for substrate and any decor. For terrestrial species, a wider, shallower enclosure is preferable. For arboreal species, a taller enclosure is needed to accommodate their climbing behaviors. The enclosure should provide enough space for the tarantula to move around, hunt, and establish a territory. Overly large enclosures can sometimes make it harder for a tarantula to find food, while enclosures that are too small can lead to stress and difficulty in molting. Consider the adult size of the tarantula when choosing the enclosure size.
Substrate Selection
The substrate serves as the floor of your tarantula’s enclosure and provides a place for burrowing, hiding, and regulating humidity. The choice of substrate depends on the species’ natural habitat and its specific needs. For terrestrial tarantulas, a substrate that allows for burrowing, such as a mix of peat moss, coco fiber, and a bit of vermiculite, is ideal. Arboreal tarantulas, which spend more time in trees, may prefer a substrate that retains moisture, like a mix of coco fiber and sphagnum moss. Avoid substrates that are dusty, chemically treated, or could potentially harm your tarantula. The substrate depth should be sufficient for burrowing species to create their burrows, typically several inches deep. The substrate should be kept clean and changed periodically to prevent the build-up of waste and mold.
Temperature and Humidity
Maintaining the right temperature and humidity levels is crucial for your tarantula’s health and well-being. Most tarantulas thrive in temperatures between 24-29°C (75-85°F). Use a thermometer to monitor the temperature within the enclosure regularly. Humidity levels should also be monitored, using a hygrometer, and adjusted according to the species’ requirements. Provide ventilation, avoid direct sunlight, and spray the enclosure with water to increase humidity. The frequency of misting depends on the species and the local climate. Proper temperature and humidity levels are essential for your tarantula’s health, successful molting, and overall well-being.
Heating
Heating can be provided through various methods, but it’s important to do so safely. Heat lamps, heat mats, and ceramic heat emitters are commonly used, but they must be used with caution to prevent overheating. Heat mats should be placed on the side or back of the enclosure, not directly under the substrate, to avoid overheating the tarantula. Ensure that the heat source is regulated with a thermostat to maintain a stable temperature. The temperature should be monitored regularly, and the heat source adjusted as needed. Avoid placing the enclosure in direct sunlight, which can cause dangerous temperature spikes.
Humidity
Humidity control is crucial, particularly for arboreal and tropical species. Humidity can be maintained by spraying the enclosure with water, providing a water dish, and ensuring proper ventilation. The frequency of spraying depends on the species’ requirements and the ambient humidity. Use a hygrometer to monitor humidity levels, and adjust the frequency of spraying accordingly. Ensure that the enclosure is not overly humid, which can lead to mold and health problems. Ventilation helps to prevent the build-up of excessive moisture and promotes healthy conditions for your tarantula.
Essential Equipment for Australia Tarantula Keeping
Beyond the enclosure and substrate, several essential items are needed to provide a comfortable and stimulating environment for your tarantula. These include a water dish, hiding places, and possibly some decorative items. Selecting the right equipment is crucial for creating a safe and enriched environment that meets your tarantula’s needs. These items contribute to the overall well-being and enjoyment of keeping tarantulas in Australia.
Water Dish
A water dish is essential for providing your tarantula with fresh water. The water dish should be shallow enough to prevent drowning, and it should be easy to clean. Small, shallow dishes are suitable for smaller tarantulas, while larger ones might require a larger water dish. Regularly clean and refill the water dish to prevent the growth of bacteria and provide a clean water source. The water dish is a vital component of their habitat.
Hiding Spots
Tarantulas are naturally reclusive creatures, and providing hiding spots is essential for their comfort and security. Hiding spots can include cork bark, half-logs, artificial plants, or commercially available hides. The hide should be large enough for the tarantula to retreat into comfortably, providing a sense of security. Ensure the hide is placed in a stable position to prevent it from falling and potentially injuring the tarantula. Providing appropriate hiding spots helps reduce stress and allows the tarantula to feel safe in its environment.
Feeding Your Tarantula
Feeding your tarantula appropriately is critical for its health and growth. Tarantulas are primarily insectivores, and their diet should consist of live insects such as crickets, mealworms, roaches, and other commercially available feeder insects. The size and type of food should be appropriate for the size and species of the tarantula. Overfeeding can lead to obesity and health issues, while underfeeding can hinder growth and overall health. Providing a balanced and appropriate diet ensures your tarantula receives the necessary nutrients.
Choosing the Right Food
Choosing the right food is crucial for ensuring your tarantula receives proper nutrition. The diet should consist of a variety of live insects, such as crickets, mealworms, and roaches. Ensure that the insects are gut-loaded, meaning they have been fed a nutritious diet before being offered to the tarantula. Gut-loading helps provide essential vitamins and minerals to the tarantula. Avoid feeding wild-caught insects, which could carry parasites or pesticides. Always remove uneaten food within 24 hours to prevent the build-up of waste and potential health risks.
Feeding Frequency
Feeding frequency varies depending on the tarantula’s age, species, and size. Spiderlings and juveniles typically require more frequent feedings, usually 2-3 times a week, while adults can be fed less frequently, perhaps once a week or every other week. Observe your tarantula’s behavior and adjust the feeding schedule accordingly. A tarantula that is not hungry will often refuse food. Overfeeding can lead to obesity, so it’s essential to avoid excessive feeding. Remove uneaten food promptly. Adjusting the feeding frequency will help to maintain a healthy feeding schedule.
Tarantula Handling and Safety
While tarantulas are not typically aggressive, handling them should be done with caution. Handling can stress a tarantula, and some species possess urticating hairs that can cause skin irritation. Some tarantulas also have the potential to bite. Always prioritize your safety and the well-being of the tarantula when handling. The best practice is to minimize handling and to only handle tarantulas if necessary, such as for enclosure maintenance or health checks.
How to Handle
If handling is necessary, approach the tarantula calmly and gently. Avoid sudden movements or loud noises that could startle the spider. When attempting to handle, use a soft, wide object like a paintbrush to gently encourage the tarantula to walk onto your hand. Never grab or try to force a tarantula to move. Handle the tarantula close to the ground to prevent injury if it falls. Always wash your hands before and after handling a tarantula to reduce the risk of infection or irritation. Be aware of the tarantula’s behavior and body language; if it appears agitated or defensive, stop handling and let it retreat.
Safety Precautions
Always prioritize safety when handling tarantulas. Wear gloves if you are concerned about urticating hairs or bites. Be aware of the tarantula’s species, as some have stronger venom or are more prone to biting. Keep children and other pets away from the tarantula’s enclosure to prevent accidents. Before handling, ensure the tarantula is not in a molting phase, as they are more vulnerable during this time. Make sure the environment is calm and stable to minimize stress for both you and the tarantula. Handling should be limited and only undertaken when absolutely necessary for the tarantula’s well-being.
Maintaining a Healthy Environment
Maintaining a healthy environment is crucial for your tarantula’s well-being. This involves regular cleaning of the enclosure, monitoring environmental conditions, and addressing any potential health issues promptly. Providing a clean and stable environment minimizes stress and disease and allows your tarantula to thrive.
Cleaning the Enclosure
Regular cleaning of the enclosure is essential for maintaining a healthy environment. Remove uneaten food, fecal matter, and any other debris as soon as you notice it. Spot-clean the enclosure weekly or bi-weekly, depending on the size and the tarantula species. Every few months, or as needed, the substrate should be replaced to prevent the build-up of waste and bacteria. When cleaning, avoid using harsh chemicals or cleaning agents, as these can be toxic to tarantulas. Replace the substrate completely and disinfect the enclosure with a reptile-safe disinfectant. Maintaining a clean enclosure will help prevent health issues and ensure a thriving environment for your tarantula.
Health Issues & Prevention
Prevention is key when it comes to tarantula health. Providing a clean and appropriate environment, proper diet, and avoiding unnecessary handling are crucial steps in preventing health issues. Regularly monitor your tarantula for any signs of illness, such as lethargy, loss of appetite, or abnormal behavior. Ensure that the environment is at the correct temperature and humidity levels for the species you are keeping. Maintain hygiene by cleaning the enclosure regularly and providing fresh water. By being proactive in their care, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of health problems.
Common Health Issues
Tarantulas, like all animals, can experience health issues. Common problems include parasites, mites, fungal infections, and injuries sustained during molting. Parasites can be introduced through feeder insects, so it’s essential to source insects from reputable suppliers and to quarantine new arrivals. Mites can infest the tarantula’s body and enclosure, requiring specific treatment. Fungal infections can be caused by high humidity or poor ventilation. Injuries during molting are a common occurrence. If you notice any signs of illness, it is always recommended to consult with a veterinarian experienced in exotic animals or an experienced tarantula keeper.
Where to Buy Tarantulas in Australia
Finding a reputable source to purchase your tarantula is crucial. Research and choose a seller known for providing healthy, well-cared-for specimens. In Australia, you can find tarantulas from specialized pet stores, reptile expos, and online breeders. Before purchasing, inspect the tarantula for signs of good health, such as a full abdomen, clear eyes, and active behavior. Inquire about the tarantula’s origin, age, and feeding history. Be sure the seller is knowledgeable and can provide guidance on care requirements. Buying from a reputable source ensures that you are getting a healthy animal and supports ethical practices within the tarantula-keeping community.